{"id":46516,"date":"2017-09-26T11:28:34","date_gmt":"2017-09-26T11:28:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/rachel-smith-live.prev21.rmkr.net\/?p=46516"},"modified":"2024-09-23T14:21:32","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T14:21:32","slug":"english-vocabulary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rachelsenglish.com\/english-vocabulary\/","title":{"rendered":"ENGLISH VOCABULARY: Family Relationships"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Learn English vocabulary and perfect your pronunciation. Today&#8217;s topic:&nbsp; Family relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"> <strong>YouTube blocked? <\/strong><a href=\"#video\">Click here to see the video.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"container-lazyload preview-lazyload container-youtube js-lazyload--not-loaded\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RhqBZkAwh8c&#038;t=25s\" class=\"lazy-load-youtube preview-lazyload preview-youtube\" data-video-title=\"ENGLISH VOCABULARY - Family Vocabulary!  This Vocabulary Builder teaches you all about family\" title=\"Play video &quot;ENGLISH VOCABULARY - Family Vocabulary!  This Vocabulary Builder teaches you all about family&quot;\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RhqBZkAwh8c&#038;t=25s<\/a><noscript>Video can&#8217;t be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RhqBZkAwh8c&#038;t=25s\" title=\"ENGLISH VOCABULARY - Family Vocabulary!  This Vocabulary Builder teaches you all about family\">ENGLISH VOCABULARY &#8211; Family Vocabulary!  This Vocabulary Builder teaches you all about family (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RhqBZkAwh8c&#038;t=25s)<\/a><\/noscript><\/div><\/p>\n<h2>Video Transcript:<\/h2>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Time to learn some vocabulary. Family relationships in American English. We\u2019ll also go over a couple of idioms related to family relationships.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">On a recent family vacation, I pulled my family aside and made them go on camera for you. So you\u2019re going to get to see not only my family, but you\u2019re going to learn the words we use when describing our relationships. And we\u2019re really going to focus on pronunciation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">For example, you should not be pronouncing every sound in this word. And this word has two pronunciations. I\u2019ll put the phonetics up with each word, and I really encourage you to practice out loud with this one.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Listen to how it\u2019s pronounced in real life and then practice it with me. Let\u2019s get started.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my son, Nick.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my dad, Steve.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Son and dad. When you have a child, it is a son or daughter. SON is pronounced with the very relaxed UH as in BUTTER vowel. Suh&#8211; son. And it sounds just like this word \u2018sun\u2019 as in, the sun in the sky. There is absolutely no difference in pronunciation. Son. Son. Say that with me. Son. Let\u2019s watch that again.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my son, Nick.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my dad, Steve.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Dad. This is casual, but the most common way to say \u2018father\u2019. There have been only a few times in my whole life that I\u2019ve heard someone use the word \u2018father\u2019 outside of something official like filling out a form. Dad is just what we use. Dad has the AA vowel. Jaw drop, tongue lifted in the back: da&#8211; ah&#8211; dad. Say that with me. Dad. Dad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">A quick note about \u2018father\u2019. We can also use this idiomatically. In this case, it doesn\u2019t mean the actual biological father of someone, but we can use it to mean a man who has innovated or founded something. For example, in Philosopy, Petrarch is considered to be the father of humanism&#8217;. His writing and his ideas form the foundation of humanism. Henry Ford was the father of the American auto industry. Ok, let\u2019s keep going.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is our mom. We&#8217;re sisters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">These are my daughters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Mom. Just like \u2018dad\u2019, it\u2019s more causal but also more common than \u2018mother\u2019. The letter O here makes the AH as in FATHER sound. Mom. Say that with me. Mom. Mom.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is our mom. We&#8217;re sisters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">These are my daughters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Sisters. What a wonderful thing to have a sister. I don\u2019t have one, but I hear they\u2019re great. Two syllables, stress on the first syllable. The R can sometimes mess people up, keep it simple, it\u2019s unstressed, er, er, er. Sister. Say that with me. Sister. Sister. Sisters. Sisters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We&#8217;re sisters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">These are my daughters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Daughter. AUGH, four letters, making just one sound, the AW as in LAW sound, daugh&#8211; Daughter. The T is a Flap T. We make a T a Flap T when it comes between two vowels. H is a consonant, but remember, these rules don\u2019t apply to letters, just sounds. So it does come between two vowel sounds.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">For the Flap, the tongue just bounces once against the roof of the mouth ounce, ra- ra- T, T. There\u2019s So there&#8217;s no real tt&#8211; T sound in it. Daughter. Daughter. In fact, most Americans would probably describe this flap as a D sound. Daughter. Just like \u2018sister\u2019, it ends in the schwa-R sound, simple and fast. rr&#8211; rr&#8211; rr&#8211; daughter. Daughters. These are my daughters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We&#8217;re husband and wife.<br \/>This is my husband, Steve.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">So we have husband and wife. They\u2019re married. Husband. Two syllables, stress on the first syllable. The second syllable has this letter A, but really, it\u2019s almost like there is no vowel in it. -band, -band, -band, Husband. Notice the S here should be pronounced with a Z sound. Huzz, huzz, husband.<\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;re husband and wife.<br \/>This is my husband, Steve.<\/p>\n<p>Wife.\u00a0 One syllable.\u00a0 Wife. Lips go in to form a really rounded shape: wwwwiiii&#8212; Then jaw drop, they relax. Wife&#8211; Then the bottom lip comes up and touches the bottom of the top front teeth. Wife. Wife. We&#8217;re husband and wife. They are married. Marry. This can sound just like this word Mary or this word Merry. Married. Married. Now don\u2019t forget grandparents.<\/p>\n<p>This is my grandma.<\/p>\n<p>Grandma. The most common pronunciation of this has two dropped sounds. You can drop the N and the D. Gramma. Grandma. So the vowel here is a little tricky. The AA vowel followed by M, gra&#8212; aahh&#8211; You want to relax it. AA-uh. Get an UH in there. Grandma. Gra&#8211; Gra&#8211; Gra&#8211; Grandma. Grandma.<\/p>\n<p>This is my grandma.<br \/>This is my father-in-law, Glen, and he&#8217;s my son Stoney&#8217;s grandpa and he happens to be an awesome grandpa because this is \u00a0what an awesome grandpa looks like.<\/p>\n<p>Now there I said \u2018grandpa\u2019. Just like \u2018grandma\u2019, drop the D. But you do need to keep the N sound. Or, some people definitely do change that to an M. Grammmpa or grannnnpa. The M is probably the more common pronunciation. Gram&#8211; grampa. So the tongue doesn\u2019t go to the roof of the mouth like it does for N, but the lips just close in anticipation for the P: grammm&#8211; pa&#8211; grampa&#8211; And again, just like grandma, get the UH in there. Graa&#8212;- grammm&#8212; grandpa. Grandpa. Say that with me, grandpa.<br \/>This is my father-in-law, Glen, and he&#8217;s my son Stoney&#8217;s grandpa and he happens to be an awesome grandpa because this is what an awesome grandpa looks like.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Glen is my father in law. But first, your grandpa and grandma together are grandparents. Grandparents. You can drop the D. And make either an N or M. Grandparents. Grandparents.\u00a0 Say that with me. Grandparents.<\/p>\n<p>This is my father-in-law, Glen\u2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Father-in-law. The&#8211; in-law&#8211; part happens when you get married. He\u2019s not my dad, he\u2019s my husband\u2019s dad. So he\u2019s my father-in-law. Remember how I said we almost never use the<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">word \u2018father\u2019 in conversational English? That\u2019s true. But with the \u2018in-law\u2019, we always use it. We don\u2019t say dad-in-law. So in an \u2018in-law\u2019 phrase, it\u2019s never the \u2018in-law\u2019 that is stressed. That&#8217;s always unstressed. It\u2019s always the other word that\u2019s stressed. Father-in-law. Fa&#8212; Father-in-law. Mother-in-law. Sister-in-law. Brother-in-law. One exception is if you just say \u2018in-laws\u2019. You don&#8217;t put father, mother, brother, or sister in front. When you say in-laws, you stress the first word &#8216;in&#8217;. And in this case, that means you spouse&#8217;s parents. In-laws. My in-laws are coming next weekend. Say that with me. In-laws. Father-in-law. Mother-in-law. Sister-in-law. Brother-in-law. Now, just a bit ago, I mentioned the word \u2018spouse\u2019. One syllable word, this is the person that you&#8217;re married to. Practice that with me: spouse. Spouse.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my mother-in-law, Anabelle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Mother-in-law. Stress on MUH. Mother-in-law.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my mother-in-law, Anabelle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my oldest sister, Audrey.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Now here, David said oldest sister. He has three sisters. They\u2019re all older than him, and Audrey is the oldest. He could have also just said \u2018older sister\u2019. Older, oldest, younger, youngest. A couple of things to note about these pronunciations: Oldest sister, oldest sister. David dropped the T in \u2018oldest\u2019. He just pronounced it \u2018oldest sister\u2019,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">connecting with an S sound. Listen again. My oldest sister&#8211; My oldest sister&#8211; My oldest sister&#8211; We often drop the T between two consonants. The same would also be true for \u2018oldest brother\u2019. We could just drop the T there because it\u2019s between two other consonants. Oldest brother. These are very natural and common pronunciations of these phrases. The same would be true in \u2018youngest sister\u2019 and \u2018youngest brother\u2019. You can drop the T there: youngest sister, youngest brother.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">One thing I think is interesting about the word \u2018young\u2019: the word on its own is pronounced with the NG ending. Young. Ng&#8212; No G sound. But when you add \u2018-er\u2019 or \u2018-est\u2019, younger&#8211; youngest, g-g-g&#8211; we DO say the G. Younger, gg, gg, gg. Youngest, gg, gg, gg. What about \u2018brother\u2019? This is my brother, Ian. Two syllables, stress on the first syllable. Brother, brother. Same ending as sister, mother, and father.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">All of these THER endings, these are tricky. This one has a voiced TH right in the middle, and<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">I know that can be a challenging sound. It\u2019s just the very tip that comes through. Th&#8211; th&#8211; Light, don\u2019t hold the air: th, th, th. Broth, th, th, ther&#8211; ther&#8211; Moth, th, th, ther&#8211; ther&#8211; ther&#8211; brother\u2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my brother, Ian. I&#8217;m Stoney&#8217;s uncle because I&#8217;m married to David&#8217;s sister.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Okay, maybe it would be useful now to look at a family tree. Leon is Stoney&#8217;s uncle because Leon married Audrey who is the daughter of Glen and Anabelle And David is the son of Glen and Anabelle. And Stoney is the son of David. Therefore, Leon is Stoney&#8217;s uncle. Uncle. We have the letter N, but it\u2019s actually the NG sound because it\u2019s followed by K Unk&#8212; uncle&#8211; un&#8211; un&#8211; NG sound. Uncle. A quick dark L at the end. Uncle: ull&#8211;ull&#8211;ul&#8211; You don\u2019t need to lift your tongue tip, just make a sound with the backof the tongue. Ull&#8211; ull&#8211; ul&#8211; very short. Uncle, uncle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">The word uncle can be used idiomatically to mean, I give up. For example, if I was wrestling you and I had you pinned to the ground, you might say \u201cuncle\u201d, which is, I give up, you won,<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">get off of me. Uncle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">I&#8217;m Stoney&#8217;s uncle as well.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">And what&#8217;s your relationship to each other?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We&#8217;re brother-in-laws.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Steve is Stoney&#8217;s uncle because Steve married Lisa, who is the daughter of Glen and Anabelle and David is also a child of Glen and Anabelle. Steve is Stoney&#8217;s uncle. Steve and Leon are brothers-in-law. They&#8217;re in the same line here but they are not biological siblings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">And what&#8217;s your relation ship to each other?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We&#8217;re brother-in-laws.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is our aunt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Don&#8217;t I have a great family?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Aww. That was a bunch of kids from this level. Anyone from this level referring to a female on this level, is going to call that person &#8216;Aunt&#8217; unless of course it&#8217;s the mother. So I&#8217;m over here and those kids were all from here. So I&#8217;m their aunt. You may have noticed they used the pronunciation \u2018aunt\u2019 and I used the pronunciation \u2018aunt\u2019. Aunt is more common, and it\u2019s pronounced just like this word \u2018ant\u2019 even though the spelling is different. Aunt or aunt. Practice these with me. Aunt. Aunt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is our aunt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Don&#8217;t I have a great family?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We are cousins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Cousins. So anyone who is the child of your aunt or uncle is a cousin. So everyone in this level relates to each other as cousins. Not up and down but side to side. Up and down is called siblings and we&#8217;ll get to that in a minute. Cousin. Just like \u2018husband\u2019, the letter S is the<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Z sound here. Cous, zz, zz, cousin. Practice that with me. Cousin. Cousin.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We are cousins.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my nephew, Jacob. He is my husband&#8217;s sister&#8217;s son.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Nephew. Two syllables, stressed on the first syllables. PH makes the F sound, just like in the word \u2018phone\u2019 or &#8216;pharmacy&#8217;. Say it with me. Nephew. Nephew. This is my nephew, Jacob. He is my husband&#8217;s sister&#8217;s son. These are my nieces. Niece. One syllable, EE vowel. Ending S sound. In the plural, nieces, the S adds not just a sound but a second syllable: nieces&#8211; iz&#8211; iz&#8211; iz&#8211; iz\u2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Words that end in the S sound get an extra syllable in plural. To see all the plural noun rules, check out this video, and I\u2019ll put a link to it in the description as well. Practice these with me: niece&#8211; nieces\u2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">These are my nieces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We are siblings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">People who have the same parents or even one same parent are siblings. Audrey, Lisa, Christina, and David. All have the same parents, they are siblings. This set would also be siblings. This set would be siblings. And this set would be siblings. Poor Stoney has no siblings. Sibling. This\u00a0 is a two-syllable word with stress on the first syllable. Sibling. The B releases right into the L, bl, bl, bl. Sibl&#8211; sibl&#8211; sibling&#8211; sibling\u2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">We are siblings.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my grandson, Jacob and my granddaughter, Emily.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Grandson and granddaughter. For grandson, drop that D. Gran&#8211; Grandson, grandson. Try that with me. Grandson. For granddaughter, well, we need it. Because it\u2019s part of \u2018daughter\u2019. Granddaughter. Granddaughter. Stress is on the first syllable. Try that with me:\u00a0 granddaughter&#8211; grandson&#8211; granddaughter\u2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my grandson, Jacob and my granddaughter, Emily.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my boyfriend.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my girlfriend.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">How cute are they? When you\u2019re dating someone, you can call them your boyfriend or girlfriend. Both two-syllable words with stress on thefirst syllable. Try them with me: boyfriend&#8211; girlfriend&#8211; Boyfriend, girlfriend.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my boyfriend.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This is my girlfriend.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">A couple more terms: If someone\u2019s sperm or egg makes a baby, that is their biological child. Biological. Someone can also adopt a child that is not biologically theirs. If someone has children alone or with one partner, and then gets married to someone else later, that person\u2019s children are now the stepchildren of the new partner, and that new partner is a stepmom or stepdad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Notice in these compound words, the word \u2018step\u2019 is stressed. Notice also we do not release the P: stepmom&#8211; stepmom&#8211; The lips close for the P, but then just keep going with the next sound: step&#8211; mom&#8211; Stepmom, stepdad, stepdaughter, stepson, step brother, stepsister. A companion podcast will be released tomorrow that goes over more about family relationships and some more family idioms. This is the Learn English podcast with me. Click here to get it. Or go to iTunes or Stitcher and search \u2018Rachel\u2019s English\u2019, links also in the description below. Check it out, I think you\u2019re going to love it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 150px;\"><a name=\"video\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Video:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-46516-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/07f1c47b71c75472a3cc-b7eea9689205a6672fd1aa00be922d89.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com\/555.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/07f1c47b71c75472a3cc-b7eea9689205a6672fd1aa00be922d89.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com\/555.mp4\">https:\/\/07f1c47b71c75472a3cc-b7eea9689205a6672fd1aa00be922d89.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com\/555.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn English vocabulary and perfect your pronunciation. Today&#8217;s topic:&nbsp; Family relationships. YouTube blocked? Click here to see the video. https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RhqBZkAwh8c&#038;t=25sVideo can&#8217;t be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: ENGLISH VOCABULARY &#8211; Family Vocabulary! This Vocabulary Builder teaches you all about family (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RhqBZkAwh8c&#038;t=25s) Video Transcript: Time to learn some vocabulary. Family relationships in American English. We\u2019ll also [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":174688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[215],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-46516","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-learn-english-vocabulary","8":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ENGLISH VOCABULARY<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"English Vocabulary Builder lesson: learn English vocabulary and perfect your pronunciation. 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